The invention discloses a barrier-free patrolling robot system and a method for an overhead ground wire. The system comprises a patrolling robot, a barrier-free ground wire straight tower channel and a barrier-free stockbridge damper channel, wherein the patrolling robot comprises a robot body; two side-by-side driving wheels which move along the ground wire are arranged on the robot body; a clamping wheel is arranged on the front side of each driving wheel; the lower end of each driving wheel is connected with a revolute joint; the revolute joints are fixed at the two ends of a frame of the robot body; the barrier-free ground wire straight tower channel and the barrier-free stockbridge damper channel are respectively arranged at connecting parts of a suspension clamp, a stockbridge damper and the ground wire; and parts, extruding out of the ground wire, of the barrier-free ground wire straight tower channel and the barrier-free stockbridge damper channel are arc to guide the driving wheels of the patrolling robot to separate from the ground wire to cross the suspension clamp and the stockbridge damper, so that barrier-free passing is realized. The system and the method can ensure barrier-free patrolling of the patrolling robot.