The invention discloses a culture method for promoting proliferation and differentiation of neural stem cells. According to the culture method, exogenous neurotrophic factors act to the cultured neural stem cells, so that the neural stem cells are induced to have proliferation and differentiation, and then neurons are formed, wherein the exogenous neurotrophic factors belong to a polypeptide with the sequence shown as SEQ ID NO.1; the exogenous neurotrophic factors and enhanced peptide act to the cultured neural stem cells together, so that the neural stem cells are induced to have proliferation and differentiation, and then neurons are formed, wherein the enhanced peptide is an oligopeptide with the sequence shown as SEQ ID NO.2, SEQ ID NO.3 or SEQ ID NO.4. According to the method provided by the invention, by supplementing the exogenous neurotrophic factors, the proliferation of neural stem cells and the differentiation of the neural stem cells towards the neurons can be obviously promoted, the enhanced peptide can enhance the effects of promoting proliferation and inducing differentiation of the exogenous neurotrophic factors, and the effects are obvious.