Disclosed are IGCC-based near zero emission coal-fired power generation system and method. According to the system, CO2 capture before combustion can be realized, the captured CO2 is used for oil displacement, gas displacement and burying, heat generated by a gasifier is fully used, the comprehensive efficiency of the system can be greatly improved, and near-zero emissions of coal-fired power generation is realized. By applying the IGCC-based near zero emission coal-fired power generation system and method, the CO2 capture rate of the system is greater than 90%, the power generation efficiency is greater than 40%, the environmental characteristics of the integrated gasification combined cycle (IGCC) power generation system are greatly improved, and the storage and resource utilization of CO2 are realized.