An anti-overload air slow release chemical oxygen emergency rescue breathing device comprises a breathing mask (1), a mask protection shell (6), an air regeneration tank (7), a breathing air bag (12) and an air bag protection shell (15). The breathing mask (1) is in a folding form and is put into the mask protection shell (6) after being folded. The upper end of the mask protection shell (6) is sealed, and the lower end of the mask protection shell (6) is provided with a fine tooth internal thread. The upper end of the air bag protection shell is provided with a fine tooth internal thread. The air regeneration tank (7) is of a cylindrical structure and is a cylinder shell of which the upper end and the lower end are provided with fine tooth external threads. The air regeneration tank is connected with the mask protection shell and the air bag protection shell through the threads. The overall shape of the air regeneration tank is similar to that of a small-size uncontrolled projectile body. The anti-overload air slow release chemical oxygen emergency rescue breathing device can be remotely delivered to trapped affected personnel through a launching device, the life safety of the affected personnel under the poisonous and harmful gas environment or the oxygen-deficient environment and other severe fire scene environments can be ensured for a long time, and the escape rescue requirement of the affected personnel is practically met.