The invention discloses a rod type solid particle friction damper. The rod type solid particle friction damper comprises a cylinder body and a piston rod. End covers are arranged at the two ends of the cylinder body, and the two ends of the piston rod stretch out of the end covers. A piston body is fixed to the middle portion of the piston rod, the piston body is located in the cylinder body to divide the cylinder body into a first cavity and a second cavity, and multiple damping holes for communicating the first cavity with the second cavity are formed in the piston body; and the first cavity and the second cavity of the cylinder body are filled with multiple spherical solid particles, and when the piston body moves in the cylinder body, the solid particles can mutually flow in the first cavity and the second cavity through the damping holes. The solid particles are adopted as a damping medium, the solid particles have the beneficial effects of resisting high-temperature and low-temperature environments, no energy needs to be additionally added, and especially no oil leakage problem or aging problem exists; and the service life is long, and installation and maintenance are convenient.