The invention discloses a heat storage adjusting system based on combined cooling heating and power and an adjustment method thereof, and belongs to the technical field of heat exchange management. The adjusting system comprises a PLC controller module, an upper computer, an after-burning afterheat boiler, a shunting adjustment module, a heat storage box set, an electric heating module, an afterheat dispatching module and a user load bus. The adjustment method comprises the following steps: (1) system initialization parameters are set; (2) the system start and parameters are set; (3) the outer ring bus energy supply is adjusted; a winter mode is operated in winter; a summer mode is operated in summer; and the afterheat dispatching module is adjusted according to difference of the operation modes to maintain the temperature of the user load bus constant; (4) the inner ring load energy supply is adjusted; (5) the afterheat recovery energy is adjusted; (6) the commercial power heat storage energy is adjusted; and (7) the reception of stop signals due to fault generation of the system or season change is judged; if so, the system stops working; and if not, the step (3) is returned for operation.