The invention discloses a large-buried-depth soil permeability coefficient and moisture diffusion coefficient measuring system and method and relates to the technical field of agricultural water-soil engineering. The system comprises a sampling module, a sample preservation module and a measuring module. The sampling module is used for sampling large-buried-depth soil to obtain a soil sample with the volume consistent with the inside volume of a transparent organic glass soil pillar. The sample preservation module is used for preserving the transparent organic glass soil pillar containing the soil sample through a transparent container and pressurizing the soil sample in the transparent organic glass soil pillar through two water-permeable stones connected with the upper section and the lower section of the transparent container respectively. The measuring module is used for detecting the permeability coefficient and the moisture diffusion coefficient of the tested soil after acquiring a preset volume of tested soil from the transparent organic glass soil pillar according to containing marks on the transparent organic glass soil pillar. The advantages that the state of the soil sample is effectively kept, and then the accuracy of the measured permeability coefficient and moisture diffusion coefficient of the soil is improved are achieved.