The invention discloses a method and a device for verifying secret data sharing. The method comprises the steps of: expressing secret data as a first preset number of secret vectors; selecting a second preset number of random character string vectors, and according to the random character string vectors, determining a sharing polynomial of the secret vectors; calculating an identity identifier, and according to the sharing polynomial and the identity identifier, calculating to obtain a third preset number of sub share vectors of the secret vectors; and calculating a sharing promise (with reference to the specification), verifying the sub share vectors according to the sharing promise, and determining correctness of the sub share vectors. According to the method and the device which are disclosed by the invention, the sharing polynomial of the secret data is determined by the random character string vectors, the sub share vectors of the secret vectors are calculated according to the sharing polynomial, and by a verification formula, the sub share vectors are verified; both a calculated amount and communication traffic are small; and calculation efficiency is relatively high.