The invention relates to an elastic damping type railway metal sound barrier and a combination device thereof, and belongs to the vibration and noise treatment field in the field of environmental protection. The metal sound barrier comprises a sound barrier unit plate mainly composed of an enhancement type panel, elastic structures, a sound absorption material layer, a backboard and an aluminum alloy frame, the unit plate comprises the enhancement type panel, the elastic structures, the sound absorption material layer and the backboard from the front face to the back face, the panel, the sound absorption material layer and the backboard are installed in a slot position of the aluminum alloy frame in an inserted mode, spigot and socket grooves of the elastic structures are formed in the portions, between the panel and the sound absorption material layer and between the sound absorption material layer and the backboard, of the aluminum alloy frame, and the elastic structures are installed in the spigot and socket grooves in an inserted mode. The elastic structures are higher in noise reduction effect, by means of the design method, the impact load borne by the sound barrier structure is lightened and is gentle, the anti-fatigue life of the structure is greatly prolonged, the operation characteristic of the high speed railway is especially adapted, and the passive treatment mode that an existing high-speed rail sound barrier system resists the pulse load by improving the structural stiffness is completely changed.