The invention relates to a hydrophobic association polymer with various loop-structure side chains and a preparation method and application thereof. The method comprises the steps such as preparing a monomer mixture solution, and synthesizing and purifying a hydrophobic association polymer; the hydrophobic association polymer of the invention has microbial degradation preventive performance and corrosion inhibiting performance, is temperature-tolerant and salt-tolerant and is also environment-friendly. Therefore, the hydrophobic association polymer has a promising application prospect in intensive oil exploitation.