The invention relates to a sound source direction positioning method based on a difference array. The sound source direction positioning method based on a difference array includes the steps: utilizing a plane microphone array to record input signals, and calculating a covariance matrix; further performing decomposition of characteristic constants to acquire the characteristic vector of the maximum characteristic constant and take the characteristic vector of the maximum characteristic constant as the target sound source, and calculating the covariance matrix of the target sound source; designing two orthogonal N-step dual difference array wave beam forming; based on the weight of wave beam forming and the covariance matrix of the target sound source, calculating the sound source direction candidate item; utilizing the sound source direction candidate item to calculate the sound source direction candidate items in other three quadrants, and forming a sound source direction candidate item group together; and utilizing the wave beam forming method for delay-and-sum to perform wave beam forming, and comparing the energy of the wave beams formed by the four sound source direction candidate items, and selecting the sound source direction candidate item with the maximum energy as the target sound source direction. The sound source direction positioning method based on a difference array has the advantages of high efficiency, low computational complexity and high accuracy, and is a new positioning method.