The invention provides a charging protection circuit and an electric vehicle. The charging protection circuit comprises a control module, a main power supply module, a first signal extraction module, and a second signal extraction module, wherein the control module is connected with a positive electrode relay, a negative electrode relay and an instrument separately and used for controlling the positive electrode relay and the negative electrode relay to be switched on or switched off; the main power supply module is connected with the control module and used for supplying power for the control module; the first signal extraction module is connected with the control module and the positive electrode relay separately and used for collecting first state information when the positive electrode relay is switched on or switched off and outputting a corresponding first level signal to the control module; and the second signal extraction module is connected with the control module and the negative electrode relay separately and used for collecting second state information when the negative electrode relay is switched on or switched off and outputting a corresponding second level signal to the control module. By adoption of the charging protection circuit and the electric vehicle, the fault of the positive electrode relay and the negative electrode relay can be known by passengers to avoid safety accidents in order to ensure personal safety of passengers.