The invention discloses a method and system for ozone removal and gas purification of a cabin of an aircraft. The method comprises the steps of introducing fresh air outside the cabin, filtering out microbes and particulate matters in the fresh air, catalytically converting ozone in the fresh air into oxygen gas through a catalyst, cooling the oxygen gas, then, mixing the cooled oxygen gas with recirculated air in the cabin, carrying out adsorptive filtration on the gas mixture so as to further reduce incompletely-removed ozone, microbes and solid particles in the gas mixture, discharging the gas mixture, which is subjected to adsorptive filtration, from a system, and enabling the gas mixture to enter the cabin. The system comprises a catalytic ozone removal reactor, a heat exchanger, an adsorption purifier and a desorption blowback system, or the unit plants are integrated into one reactor. The desorption blowback system is further used for purging the interior of the gas purification system so as to prolong the service life of the system. The system employs a radial reactor structure and has high ozone removal efficiency; and in purified air exhausted from the gas purification system disclosed by the invention, the ozone concentration can be controlled to 0.1mg/m<3> or below.