The invention discloses a transformer insulation aging state evaluation method based on a vibration method, and the method comprises the following steps: 1), enabling a vibration acceleration sensor to be installed on the surface of a transformer oil tank, and detecting vibration signals of an oil tank body of a transformer under different conditions through the vibration acceleration sensor; 2), carrying out the signal separation of the vibration signals of the oil tank body of the transformer under different conditions, and obtaining a winding vibration signal M1 and an iron core vibration signal M2 of the transformer; 3), calculating a winding vibration spectrum and the vibration amplitudes Ai of a winding at the frequency of 100Hz and a harmonic frequency according to the winding vibration signal M1 of the transformer; 4), calculating the vibration harmonic distortion rate THD of the winding according to the vibration amplitudes Ai of the winding at the frequency of 100Hz and the harmonic frequency; 5), calculating the insulation aging service life T of the transformer according to the vibration harmonic distortion rate THD of the winding, and judging the insulation aging state of the transformer according to the insulation aging service life T of the transformer.