The invention relates to an iron-containing dust efficient sintering method. The method includes the following steps that (1) low-zinc iron-containing dust generated in an iron making zone and a binder are matched and evenly mixed, and are directly prepared into dust pellets with the diameter ranging from 3 mm to 12 mm on a disc pelletizing machine after the pelletizing performance is improved through pretreatment, wherein the carbon content of the dust pellets is controlled to range from 1% to 15%; (2) according to mass fraction, 68%-75% of blending ore, 10%-20% of return mine, 6%-11% of a fluxing agent and 1.8%-6.5% of solid fuel are matched and mixed to prepare pellets, and a mixture with the average particle size ranging from 3 mm to 5 mm is obtained; (3) the dust pellets are evenly added into the mixture to obtain a sintering raw material, and the mass percent of the mixture to the sintering raw material ranges from 65% to 98%; (4) the sintering raw material is distributed to a sintering trolley through a distributer, wherein the height of the sintering material layer ranges from 700 mm to 1000 mm, and the segregation index of the dust pellets is -50 to 30; and (5) ignition, sintering, cooling and grain shaping are carried out, and finished product sinter is obtained. By means of the iron-containing dust efficient sintering method, the sintering mineral product quality can be remarkably improved, the solid fuel consumption is reduced, and environment pollution is reduced.