The invention relates to a carbon-thermal sodium modification, reduction and melt separation comprehensive recovery method for vanadium-titanium magnetite iron concentrate. According to the method, in order to synchronously recover iron, vanadium and titanium from the vanadium-titanium magnetite iron concentrate, a carbon-thermal sodium modification, reduction and melt separation process is employed to treat iron concentrate carbon-containing pellets in combination with means such as high-pressure hydrolysis, ultrasonic oscillation and filtration; and the method studies the separation process of titanium and other components and discusses the recovery conditions of iron and titanium. Results show that through the process that the carbon-containing pellets react at 1,250-1,350 DEG C for 120 min by taking Na2CO3 as a sodium modification agent and graphite powder as a carbonaceous reducing agent and then slag and iron separation is performed, the iron yield is greater than 90%, the titanium content in molten iron is less than 0.1%, the vanadium content is 0.49%-0.52%, and the vanadium yield is greater than 80%. Slag which is obtained through melt separation is subjected to high-pressure hydrolysis at 100-250 DEG C and then is subjected to ultrasonic oscillation and pressure filtration to obtain titanium-containing suspension, and finally solids which are obtained through crystallization and separation are calcined to obtain titanium-rich slag with a titanium content of 60%-82%.