The invention discloses a cold drafting device for carbon fiber precursor production and belongs to the technical field of carbon fiber production equipment. The cold drafting device comprises a temperature regulating tank, a box, a conveying device and a control device. The conveying device comprises two pressing and drafting mechanisms, wherein each pressing and drafting mechanism comprises a pressing roller group and a holding roller group. Two temperature regulating devices for circulating cold and hot media respectively are arranged in the temperature regulating tank. The control device is in linkage with the temperature regulating tank, gearboxes of the conveying device and the pressing roller group, so that technical parameters such as temperatures in the temperature regulating tank and distances between pressing rollers and corresponding holding rollers as well as between the pressing rollers can be controlled automatically. The cold drafting device for carbon fiber precursor production has the advantages that the cold drafting device is capable of achieving positive drafting and negative drafting by combining the independent pressing roller group with the independent holding roller group and controlling rotating speed of the pressing rollers and the holding rollers; precursors with excessive diameters can be reduced in diameter through drafting, and fiber resilience can be promoted with the aid of fiber withdrawal force.