The embodiments of the invention disclose a high-speed railway earthquake early warning method, an earthquake monitoring station and a railway bureau center system. The method comprises the following steps: each earthquake monitoring station acquiring earthquake waveform information of multiple earthquake detection directions, performing similarity check on the earthquake waveform information, if a check result is greater than a false alarm threshold, drafting a correlation change curve of the earthquake waveform information, and determining earthquake P-wave initial arrival time according to the correlation change curve; and each earthquake monitoring station, according to the earthquake waveform information of the multiple earthquake detection directions, generating P-wave early warning information, and sending the P-wave early warning information to a railway bureau center system to enable the railway bureau center system to determine alarm and disposition information is emitted according to the P-wave early warning information. According to the invention, early warning information of the earthquake monitoring stations along a railway and local stations are fully integrated, the accuracy and the timeliness of P-wave early warning of stations along a high-speed railway are effectively improved, unfavorable influences exerted by earthquake disasters to the high-way railway are mitigated, and the operation safety of a train is guaranteed accordingly.