The invention provides a ground QR code calibration method and device based on a laser tracker. The method comprises that a laser tracker coordinate system, a QR code coordinate system, a camera coordinate system, a target sphere coordinate system and a world coordinate system are established; transformation matrixes T, T, T and T are calculated; according to the transformation matrixes T, T, T and T, a transformation matrix T between the world coordinate system and the QR code coordinate system is calculated; and a pose and a pose error of a QR code is calculated via the transformation matrix T. Thus, an automatic capturing function of the laser tracker is realized, and operations of a batch data processing process are simplified; the posture measuring precision is improved, and random errors caused by manual QR code pose calibration are reduced; and the laser tracker can track movement of a target sphere automatically after being set, and tedious work in searching for the target sphere manually in the measuring process is avoided.