The invention relates to a high-precision stereoscopic spectral imaging detection device and a method with combination of vision field matching, active detection and passive detection. The high-precision stereoscopic spectral imaging detection device comprises a front mirror group, a light path folding and beam splitting assembly, a three-line array stereoscopic imaging spectrometer assembly and a full-waveform laser radar assembly. Vision fields of full-waveform laser radar and three-line array stereoscopic spectral imagers are matched with one another. The high-precision stereoscopic special imaging detection device and the method have the advantages that three-line array stereoscopic imaging spectrometers and carrying platforms are combined with one another to carry out one-dimensional push-broom movement, and accordingly high-precision two-dimensional image information, high-precision spectral information and low-precision elevation information of observation targets can be acquired; high-precision elevation information and low-precision spatial resolution can be synchronously acquired by the full-waveform laser radar; elevation information of the ground pixels of the same vision fields can be calibrated by the aid of the high-precision elevation information of the full-waveform laser radar, and accordingly high-precision three-dimensional spatial information and high-precision spectral information can be ultimately acquired.