The invention provides a detection method for volatile components of sugar. The detection method comprises the following steps: preprocessing the sugar, performing the headspace solid-phase micro-extraction on the preprocessed sugar, extracting volatile components, and detecting the volatile components by adopting a gas-phase chromatography-mass spectrometry-sniffing method; and qualitatively and quantitatively analyzing the volatile components by virtue of a spectrum library-area normalization method, and identifying smell intensity and type by virtue of sniffing. A sugar sample is directly processed by virtue of the headspace solid-phase micro-extraction, the volatile components are gathered, and no complicated preprocessing step is needed; and the volatile components are detected by using the gas-phase chromatography-mass spectrometry-sniffing method, and the smell type and intensity of the volatile components are synchronously identified while the volatile components are qualitatively and quantitatively identified, so that the method is simple, and the identification result is accurate. Compared with the sensory evaluation and compared with the prior art, the detection method is more approximate to the real sensory identification result. A reference is provided for tracing the source of the product.