The invention relates to a simulation-based intelligent monitoring system for an aircraft assembling process. The system is characterized by comprising a data processing module, an online simulation module and a visual monitoring module. According to the system, the functions of real-time data collection, real-time data processing, online data driving simulation, visual monitoring of the aircraft assembling and the like can be realized; and the visual monitoring for the real-time assembling process can be provided for a user, meanwhile, intelligent optimization algorithms and assembling knowledge are combined based on real-time data updating, so that the functions of predicting manufacturing behaviors, identifying abnormal manufacturing behaviors, analyzing faults, tracking material states and the like are realized, and the assembling management efficiency and the assembling quality are effectively improved.