The invention relates to a short-circuit current rectifier device protection device for a bidirectional converter. The protection device is characterized by comprising a set of rectifier devices, power device IGBTs, clamping diodes and support capacitors, wherein the rectifier devices are connected with the power device IGBTs in parallel to form two groups of uncontrolled rectifier bridge arms; and the support capacitors are connected with the power device IGBTs in parallel. According to the protection device, the condition that short-circuit current flows through the rectifier devices can be effectively ensured, the current flowing through fly-wheel diodes of the IGBTs is reduced to a tolerable range and the IGBTs are effectively prevented from being damaged.