The invention discloses an RFID alliance chain collaborative authentication method for monitoring harbor transport food. A decentralized RFID monitoring system for the harbor transport food is constructed based on the characteristics of decentralization and individuation of a block chain, so that an alliance chain is established between CIQ compartments and the RFID monitoring system for the harbor transport food can be constructed by the technical advantages of the alliance chain, the system embodies the characteristics of fairness, transparency and sincerity, a service content of the system includes online contract affirmation, registration of laws and regulations, conflict resolution and the like, the RFID monitoring system for the harbor transport food, which is established on the alliance chain technology, is well documented and is convenient for confirmation of responsibility and problem resolution.