The invention relates to a preparation method of a room temperature quick-drying black water-based antirust paint for a petroleum steel tube, and belongs to the technical field of high-polymer materials. The room temperature quick-drying black water-based antirust paint for a petroleum steel tube is prepared by reacting low polymer dibasic alcohol, isocyanate compounds, chain extender, salt-forming agent, deionized water, vinyl monomers, initiator, wax emulsion, carbon black, antirust pigment, filler, flash-rust inhibitor, wetting dispersant, defoaming agent, leveling agent and thickener serving as raw materials. For the room temperature quick-drying black water-based antirust paint for a petroleum steel tube, the surface drying time is 7-12 minutes, so that the painting productivity is improved; and the room temperature quick-drying black water-based antirust paint has the advantages of high adhesion, favorable glossiness, no toxicity, no odor, environment friendliness and safety, and can be widely used for painting in the fields of steel tube antirust treatment, steel structures and the like.