The invention belongs to the technical and control field of fuel cells, and in particular relates to a system and method for controlling and optimizing hydrogen utilization factor of an alloy hydrogen-storage fuel cell. The problem that a large amount of hydrogen reserves are wasted since the effective hydrogen utilization efficiency of an alloy hydrogen-storage tank cannot achieve the optimal is solved. The invention provides a system and method for controlling and optimizing hydrogen utilization factor of an alloy hydrogen-storage fuel cell. The system comprises an alloy hydrogen-storage unit, a fuel cell unit d, a temperature distribution computing unit m, a central control system I, a power acquirer h, a power consumption loading unit g and a DC/AC inverter f. The optimal hydrogen desorption temperature and the heat required for maintaining the temperature are computed through a hydrogen desorption PCT curve of the hydrogen-storage alloy and the heat conductivity of a hydrogen-storage alloy powder block body, and then the heat supply of a fuel cell radiation system is adjusted to warm the hydrogen-storage alloy tank, the effective hydrogen desorption amount of the alloy hydrogen-storage tank is maximally optimized, and the hydrogen utilization efficiency is greatly improved.