The invention discloses a grate driving structure and a grate driving control step. The grate driving structure is characterized in that one end of a grate is a support end and is connected to a grate seat below the grate through a support in a rotatable manner; the other end of the grate is a driving end, and the driving end is provided with a grate shaft which is perpendicular to the swinging direction of the grate; and the two ends of the grate shaft are connected with push rods, and the push rods are connected with a driving cylinder which drives the grate to move forwards and backwards through connecting rods. The structure is simple, is convenient to operate and control, can effectively increase garbage incineration efficiency, and has high practicability and great application prospect.