The invention discloses a detection kit for detecting and distinguishing common large and medium-sized tapeworms taking a dog as a final host. The detection kit comprises four specific primer pairs, namely a taenia hydatigena specific primer pair, a taenia multiceps specific primer pair, a taenia pisiformis specific primer pair and a taenia elliptica specific primer pair. The kit has the benefits that the detection kit can determine if a detected sample is infected and determine a particular category of four kinds of parasites; the detection kit can be used for detecting an infection sample of an intermediate host and infection of the final host and can detect possible mixed infection of the final host. Comparison verification shows that the four primer pairs do not interfere with each other when the primer pairs are used in a PCR (polymerase chain reaction) system at the same time; therefore, the kit is high in efficiency, systematicness, economy and convenience, and applicable to quick and accurate etiological identification clinically and in laboratories.