The invention provides a structural settlement monitoring method based on inclination and structural joint deformation measurement. The method comprises the following steps: arranging distance sensors at the two ends of a structural joint between two adjacent structural sections respectively, and calculating settlement value at any point on the structural joint; for each structural section, setting nodes and measurement points according to the predetermined rules, and arranging an inclination sensor at each measurement point, wherein the inclination sensor can measure the first inclination and the second inclination at the measurement point in two directions vertical to each other relative to horizontal plane, and calculates the settlement amount at any point on the structural section; and finally, obtaining total settlement amount of a long-distance linear structure at any point according to settlement amount at any point on the structural section and the settlement value on the structural joint. Thus, the structural settlement monitoring method based on inclination and structural joint deformation measurement, provided by the invention, can monitor a tunnel a bridge with a super-long linear structure consisting of multiple structural sections while the measurement result is of high accuracy and the application range is wide.