The invention provides a measurement device of thermal performance of a paraboloid groove type solar thermal collector and a thermal performance prediction method. A measurement device subsystem is installed on a heat transferring fluid circulation subsystem or near the heat transferring fluid circulation subsystem. A nitrogen sealing subsystem is connected with the top of a heat exchanger (9) in the heat transferring fluid circulation subsystem. A cooling circulation subsystem is connected with an inlet-outlet of a cooling medium side of the heat exchanger (9) in the heat transferring fluid circulation subsystem. According to the invention, by continuously measuring the heat transferring fluid inlet-outlet temperature, the size flows, the solar normal perpendicular incidence irradiancy, the environmental air temperature and the environmental air speed in a temperature rise process and a temperature descending process of the heat transferring inlet-outlet, through a dynamic prediction model of the thermal performance of the paraboloid groove type solar thermal collector, by adopting a multivariate linear regression mathematic method based on the least square class method, seven undetermined parameters are identified, and the thermal performance of the paraboloid groove type solar thermal collector under any one specific working condition like time, a place, solar irradiation, environmental air temperature and temperature of the heat transferring fluid inlet is predicted.