The invention relates to a fast establishment method of an indoor locating system. The method comprises the following steps: step a, setting an indoor locating environment based on a WiFi signal intensity data of a target indoor locating space; step b, establishing a similar indoor locating space position fingerprint library set; step c, collecting the WiFi signal intensity data in the target indoor locating space to form a target indoor locating space position fingerprint library; and step d, using a transfer learning method to determine an optimal knowledge matrix from knowledge matrixes of the similar indoor locating space position fingerprint library set. By adoption of the fast establishment method of the indoor locating system provided by the invention, as the transfer learning method is used in the establishment process, the position fingerprint collection amount of the indoor locating system is reduced, and the time period and the manpower cost for establishing the indoor locating system are greatly reduced. Meanwhile in the establishment process of the indoor locating system, the data size of the position fingerprint library of the effective indoor locating space can be continuously increased, and the efficiency of establishing a new indoor locating system is continuously improved.