The present invention relates to the field of tail gas treatment, particularly to a method for treating high-temperature Fischer-Tropsch synthesis tail gas. The method comprises: (1) carrying out membrane separation on high-temperature Fischer-Tropsch synthesis tail gas to obtain hydrogen-rich gas and hydrogen-removed tail gas; (2) carrying out adsorption separation on the hydrogen-removed tail gas to separate CO so as to obtain hydrogen-removed and CO-removed tail gas; (3) carrying out decarburization and drying on the hydrogen-removed and CO-removed tail gas to separate CO2 and water to obtain hydrogen-removed, CO-removed tail, CO2-removed and water-removed tail gas; (4) carrying out olefin separation on the hydrogen-removed, CO-removed tail, CO2-removed and water-removed tail gas to obtain ethylene, propylene, C4 hydrocarbon, and methane-rich gas; and (5) carrying out deep cooling liquefaction on the methane-rich gas to obtain a LNG (liquefied natural gas) product. With the method of the present invention, ethylene, propylene, LNG and hydrogen products can be effectively recovered from the high-temperature Fischer-Tropsch synthesis tail gas, such that the investment and the energy consumption of the deep cooling system are reduced, the recovery rate of the olefin and the LNG product is improved, and the production cost is reduced.