The invention relates to a method for producing sodium gluconate through batch fermentation of aspergillus niger. According to the invention, restrictive factors in the production of the sodium gluconate through industrial fermentation are revealed, and by improving oxygen supply conditions and medium conditions, the restrictive factors are successfully solved. Meanwhile, the invention also establishes the method for producing the sodium gluconate by monitoring the batch fermentation of the aspergillus niger in real time on the basis of online physiological parameters. With the application of the method provided by the invention, productive rate and yield of the sodium gluconate are greatly improved, and total cost of fermentation is reduced.