The invention belongs to the field of chemical synthesis, and particularly relates to a method for preparing a quinoline derivative by catalyzing oxidative dehydrogenation of a nitrogen-containing heterocyclic ring through a carbon nitride material. The carbon nitride material is prepared by using a nitrogen-containing organic macrocyclic compound as a precursor and calcining in an inert atmosphere. During a reaction, oxygen or air is used as an oxidant, and in the presence or absence of a solvent, the reaction is performed at 50-120 DEG C and the carbon nitrogen material can convert the nitrogen-containing heterocyclic ring into the corresponding quinoline derivative. According to the invention, no metal is introduced into a reaction system, and the method is easy to amplify; after being recycled for at least 9 times, a catalyst still maintain good selectivity and activity; therefore, the method has a significant practical prospect during industrial production.