The invention provides a method for recycling high-purity tellurium from arsenium-containing and tellurium-containing smoke and preparing high-purity tellurium, and relates to production for comprehensively recycling valuable elements, such as arsenium, tellurium and lead, from the arsenium-containing and tellurium-containing smoke and harmless recycling processing of the arsenium. Oxygen pressure leaching is conducted on caustic alkali, leaching residues are rough sodium pyroantimonate, leachate is neutralized through sulfuric acid, the neutralized liquid is selectively reduced, the reduced liquid is a pure sodium arsenite solution and is used as a raw material of zinc sulfate solution arsenic salt purification and cobalt and nickel removal, reduction residues and neutralization residues are subjected to hydrogen reduction and vacuum distillation, and the high-purity tellurium with the purity being 99.999% or above is obtained. The arsenium and the tellurium are leached out from the smoke, while stibium, lead, bismuth, tin and the like are reserved in dearsenification residues as much as possible, the pure sodium arsenite solution is obtained through leachate purification and is used as the raw material of zinc sulfate solution arsenic salt purification and cobalt and nickel removal in zinc hydrometallurgy, harmless recycling of the arsennium is achieved, and valuable elements such as the stibium, the lead, the bismuth and the tin are recycled. The method is high in resource utilization rate and wide in raw material application range and solves the problem of pollution in the extraction process of the traditional process.