The invention provides a smelting method for smelting high-quality high-speed steel by a pressurized electroslag remelting technology. The smelting method specifically comprises the following steps: slag is prepared and molten; after melting down of the slag, the pressure in a smelting chamber is gradually increased to 2-3 MPa, and meanwhile, the pressure of cooling water is increased for electroslag remelting; the feeding operation is performed in later smelting period; after the smelting is finished, the gas pressure and cooling water pressure in the smelting chamber are reduced; and an ingot is cooled to the room temperature under normal pressure. The method for smelting the high-quality high-speed steel can reduce an air gap between the ingot and a crystallizer, accelerates the cooling speed, accelerates refining of a solidification structure, and improves red hardness and wear resistance of the high-speed steel.