The invention discloses a buckle type locating connecting device of a bridge structure. The buckle type locating connecting device comprises an upper locator and a lower locator, and the upper locator and the lower locator are in inserted connection to locate and assemble structural members fixed to the upper locator and the lower locator; when the upper structure of a bridge is overall replaced, precise locating of a newly replaced main beam is achieved through the upper locator and the lower locator of the locating device, and the buckle type locating connecting device has the advantages of being light, free of influence on a main beam structure, easy and convenient to assemble and machine, easy to mount and demount, convenient to construct, free of traffic interruption during mounting and capable of being reused. The technical problems that when the upper structure of the main beam is replaced, a traditional locating device is insufficient in in-place precision, cannot achieve millimeter-grade locating and is too long in construction time are solved.