The invention discloses an elastic energy dissipation tunnel shed hole structure and a construction method. The control effect on perilous rock fall is effectively strengthened, and the elastic energy dissipation tunnel shed hole structure has relatively good economy. The elastic energy dissipation tunnel shed hole structure comprises a left foundation wall, a right foundation wall, an arch building body, an elastic body, an anchor rope and a buffer body, wherein the left foundation wall and the right foundation wall are symmetrically arranged on foundations at two sides of a subgrade surface at an interval along the extension direction of a tunnel shed hole, and the tops of the left foundation wall and the right foundation wall are of a trough structure; the arch building body is formed by an arc structure and rectangular structures at lower ends of two sides, and the rectangular structures are located in the trough structure; the elastic body is arranged between the bottom walls of the trough grooves and the end walls of the rectangular structures; the anchor rope passes through the elastic body, and two ends of the elastic body are fixedly connected with the arch building body, the left foundation wall and the right foundation wall separately; and the buffer body is fixedly arranged at the top of the arch building body.