The invention provides a water vapor liquefaction and collection device and relates to the technical field of water preparation. The water vapor liquefaction and collection device comprises a first vertical axis wind power generation assembly, a first electric power storage assembly, a first heating assembly, a first bracket, a first exhausting fan, a first wide-neck connector, a first pipe body, a first semiconductor refrigerating sheet, a first water storage room, a first water taking pipe and a first water taking device; the first exhausting fan is used for sucking air heated by the first heating assembly into a cavity of the first pipe body; meanwhile, an exhausting hole formed in a pipe wall of the first pipe body is located between the first semiconductor refrigerating sheet and the first water storage room, so that air convection can be formed; under the action of the first semiconductor refrigerating sheet, the temperature on the inner surface of the first pipe body is lower than a threshold value, and water vapor in the air sucked by the first exhausting fan can be condensed on the surface of the first pipe body and then enters and is collected into the first water storage room at a second end of the first pipe body to finish liquefaction and collection of the water vapor.