The invention provides a base station type six-degree-of-freedom butt joint position and posture detection method. The base station type six-degree-of-freedom butt joint position and posture detection method comprises the following steps: obtaining images of a group-G color code block and one group of group-D color code block through one group of group-G camera and one group of group-D camera respectively; calibrating a conversion relation between a group-F camera and the group-D camera, pre-processing the images of the group-G color code block and the group-D color code block, and obtaining image coordinates of vertexes of the group-G color code block and the group-D color code block; and obtaining a normal vector of a standard mounting position for bearing the group-G color code block and a normal vector of a butt joint rigid body for bearing the group-D color code block according to the image of the vertex of the group-G color code block and the image of the vertex of the group-D color code block respectively in sequence, so as to detect position and posture deviation of the standard mounting position and the butt joint rigid body.