The invention discloses an instrument for measuring and analyzing the relationship between tensile force and deflection of a material. The instrument comprises a material holder, a tensile force measurement and storage instrument and a data collection terminal, wherein the material holder comprises first upright posts, a second upright post, a third upright post, a fourth upright post, first beams, second beams, third beams, fourth beams, fifth beams and corner connectors; two first upright posts are arranged oppositely; the first beams, the second beams, the fourth beams and the fifth beams are sequentially fixed on the two first upright posts from top to bottom; and the third beams and the corresponding first beams are provided with guide shaft support seats which are connected with the third beams and the first beams through sliding rails in a sliding manner. The instrument has the beneficial effects that the relationship between the tensile force and the deflection can be automatically measured by the instrument, and the instrument can be used for showing the problem between the deflection and the tensile force of a cantilever and analyzing the problem of statical indetermination and the problem of the deflection and the tensile force as a classroom experiment appliance.