The invention discloses a one-time flight-based comprehensive analysis method for various thermal protection materials. The comprehensive analysis method is characterized by comprising the following steps: 1, installing an ultrahigh-temperature ceramic material in a first groove, installing a first C/SiC material in a second groove, installing an anti-oxidization carbon/carbon material in a third groove, and installing a second C/SiC material in a fourth groove; 2, arranging three temperature sensors spaced from geometric nose lines at different depths; 3, calculating to obtain a heat flow variation according to a pneumatic heat value, and comparing the heat flow variation with the heat flow variations of the geometric nose lines of the ultrahigh-temperature ceramic material, the first C/SiC material, the anti-oxidization carbon/carbon material and the second C/SiC material, thus obtaining the catalysis characteristics of the ultrahigh-temperature ceramic material, the first C/SiC material, the anti-oxidization carbon/carbon material and the second C/SiC material under a high ultrasonic speed condition in a near space. According to the one-time flight-based comprehensive analysis method, a support is provided for the heat-resistant design of noses of wings via identification of heat flow in a nose region according to acquired heat response data in combination with a change of a micro structure of a trial flight material.