The invention relates to a part view library construction method, and a part locating and gripping method and apparatus. The part view library construction method comprises the steps of firstly drawing a part 3D model, constructing a virtual view ball, and using a virtual camera to surround the virtual view ball to extract two-dimensional contours of the part 3D model at different angles; grouping image edge information through similarity, and constructing a trapezoidal part view library; based on the part view library, before part gripping is performed, performing layer-by-layer matching on images of to-be-gripped parts and images in the view library from a top layer to a bottom layer according to the similarity, thereby quickly locating images most similar to the images of the to-be-gripped parts, and obtaining corresponding pose coordinates; and obtaining accurate pose coordinates of the parts by using a least-square iteration method. According to the part view library construction method, and the part locating and gripping method and apparatus, part locating tools are removed, so that the cost of an industrial production line is greatly reduced; and target parts can be accurately gripped without influence of uneven illumination on the production line, so that the working efficiency of industrial robots is improved.