The invention provides a parking system, a public bicycle and an electronic bicycle lock. The system comprises a public bicycle and an electronic fence background server. A lock head of a pile-based bicycle lock and the electronic bicycle lock are arranged on the public bicycle. The lock head of the pile-based bicycle lock is used for matching with a bicycle pile to lock the public bicycle when the bicycle is returned to the bicycle pile. The electronic fence background server is used for sending a lock instruction to the corresponding electronic bicycle lock when it is determined that the lock head of the pile-based bicycle lock is locked on the bicycle pile. The electronic bicycle lock is used for forbidding locking when a locking forbidding instruction is received and locking the public bicycle when pile-free bicycle return is carried out, if the locking forbidding instruction is not received and a pile-free bicycle locking signal is received. According to the scheme, pile-based and pile-free parking modes are compatible.