The invention relates to a poly-4-vinyl pyridine sulfonate/silicon dioxide nano hybridized antibacterial material and a preparation method therefor. The preparation method comprises the steps: (1) preparing double-bonded nano-silicon dioxide; (2) preparing a poly-4-vinyl pyridine/silicon dioxide nano hybridized material; and (3) preparing the poly-4-vinyl pyridine sulfonate/silicon dioxide nano hybridized antibacterial material. The poly-4-vinyl pyridine sulfonate/silicon dioxide nano hybridized antibacterial material provided by the invention has an excellent antibacterial effect, and the critical value of antibacterial concentration is 3mg/mL; and the antibacterial material has a good application prospect in the fields of biology, environmental protection, chemical industry and the like as novel antibacterial nanoparticles.