The invention relates to an aerodynamic data correction method based on an aerodynamic derivative identification result. According to the method, an aerodynamic derivative is calculated according to predicted aerodynamic data; an aerodynamic data correction equation is established; according to an aerodynamic derivative order obtained by aerodynamic derivative identification, an aerodynamic force six-component zero-order-term correction value and a correction value of an ith variable aerodynamic derivative in an aerodynamic data table are calculated; and then according to all variables in the aerodynamic data table and the aerodynamic data correction equation, an aerodynamic force six-component correction value is calculated, and aerodynamic data correction is completed by using the correction value. According to the invention, with the indicated predicted aerodynamic data derivative as a reference, the predicted aerodynamic data are corrected by using the aerodynamic derivative obtained by aerodynamic identification fully; and no matter whether the derivate near a trimmed state of the predicted aerodynamic data is correct, accurate aerodynamic data can be obtained.