The present invention discloses an energy feedback elevator traction driving system control method based on a matrix converter. Based on the power balance active damping inhibition resonance method and a model prediction control method, according to the motor side power requirement, the power grid side reference input current is obtained, current high-frequency components corresponding to the high-frequency components in the input voltage are added into the reference input current to obtain the active damping control of the grid-connected current with high sine degree, the interlace control advantage of a two-channel circuit itself is added to effectively inhibit the grid-connected current harmonic wave and improve the input current sine degree. The model prediction control is performed at the motor side to derive and establish the mathematical model of the system and take two-channel three-level permanent magnet motor torque and linkage as control objects, the required variable is subjected to sampling according to the system requirement to predict the value of the next moment under all the actions of all the switch states, and a value function through human construction is employed to select a switch state which is the most suitable for the requirement so as to allow the system to obtain superior input/output performances.