The invention provides a super-tough lamellar polymer-ceramic composite material and a preparation method thereof. The method comprises the following steps of mixing Al2O3 ceramic powder and water, and carrying out ball milling, so that ceramic slurry is made; carrying out vacuum degassing on the ceramic slurry, and subjecting the ceramic slurry to directional solidification, so that a ceramic blank body is made; carrying out freeze drying on the ceramic blank body, so that a ceramic green body with a lamellar hole is made; sintering the ceramic green body with the lamellar hole in nitrogen, raising a temperature, carrying out heat preservation, and decreasing the temperature to a room temperature, so that a compact lamellar-hole ceramic blank body is made; adding methyl methacrylate and azodiisobutyronitrile into the compact lamellar-hole ceramic blank body, and heating an obtained mixture in a water bath, so that a polymer is obtained; cooling and subjecting the polymer to a reaction, so that the lamellar polymer-ceramic composite material is obtained. The invention also provides the super-tough lamellar polymer-ceramic composite material obtained by the preparation method.