The invention provides an internet-monitoring-based system for intelligently fermenting straws to prepare multiple-effect composite fertilizer. The system comprises fertilizer preparing devices arranged at various straw processing points, monitoring front ends arranged on the fertilizer preparing devices, a communication base, and an intelligent monitoring terminal. The monitoring front ends are in communication and connection with the communication base through a GPRS network. The communication base communicates with the intelligent monitoring terminal through an Internet network. The monitoring front ends realize the monitoring, acquiring and transmitting of the running data inside the fertilizer preparing devices. The monitoring front ends transmit the measured real-time parameters of the fertilizer devices to the communication base through the GPRS network in which the communication base gathers the data of various points and transmits the data through the Internet network to the intelligent monitoring terminal. With the backstage remote control of the intelligent monitoring terminal, real time control over the fertilizer preparing devices at various points and the entire production process can be monitored without end. In addition, parameters can also be altered instantly and data are stored.