The invention provides an electric vehicle composite energy storage system provided with a coil spring energy storage mechanism and an energy distribution method of the system, belongs to the technical field of hybrid vehicles, and solves the problems that the existing electric vehicle only uses a cell to supply power, thus the power supply time is short, the service life of the cell is seriously shortened as the cell is kept in the charging and discharging process for a long time, and the coil spring energy storage device is low in energy density in the power supply process. When the system is in a power inputting state, the coil spring energy storage mechanism is preferentially charged by regenerative braking energy according to a rotation position a of the main shaft of the coil spring energy storage mechanism. When the system is in a power outputting state, a lithium ion cell pack preferentially provides a set threshold power Pthr, and when the rotation position a of the main shaft of the coil spring energy storage mechanism is less than a rotation threshold position athr of the main shaft of the coil spring energy storage mechanism, the lithium ion cell pack simultaneously meets the required power Pdem and the charge power Pch for charging the coil spring energy storage mechanism. The electric vehicle composite energy storage system provided with the coil spring energy storage mechanism and the energy distribution method of the system are suitable for composite energy storage and energy distribution of electric vehicles.